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--- greek:3588 [2025/08/03 10:30] – graham
+++ greek:3588 [2025/11/07 07:29] (current) – graham
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-====== ὁ ======
+====== ὁ, ἡ, τό ======
 {{tag>greek}}
-The definite article
+~~NOTOC~~
+Meaning:
+  * The
+The definite article.
+===== Forms =====
+==== Singular ====
+| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
+| **Nominative**   | ὁ         | ἡ        | τό     |
+| **Genitive**   | τοῦ       | τῆς      | τοῦ    |
+| **Dative**     | τῷ        | τῇ       | τῷ     |
+| **Accusative** | τόν       | τήν      | τό |
+==== Plural ====
+| **Nominative**     | οἱ        | αἱ       | τά     |
+| **Genitive**   | τῶν       | τῶν      | τῶν    |
+| **Dative**     | τοῖς      | ταῖς     | τοῖς   |
+| **Accusative** | τούς      | τάς      | τά     |
+===== Functions and Usage =====
+==== Definiteness ====
+Marks a noun as specific or known
+ὁ ἄνθρωπος → the man (a specific man)
+ἄνθρωπος → a man (any man)
+==== Pronominal Use ====
+The article can function like a pronoun
+οἱ δὲ εἶπαν → "They said." (literally "the ones said")
+==== Substantivizing Function ====
+Turns adjectives, participles, or phrases into nouns.
+ὁ ἀγαθός → the good (man)
+οἱ νεκροί → the dead (people)
+τὸ πιστεύειν → the believing / faith (turns a verb into a noun phrase)
+==== With Proper Nouns ====
+Often used with personal names or titles, especially in the Gospels.
+ὁ Ἰησοῦς → Jesus
+ὁ Χριστός → the Christ
+==== With Abstract Nouns ====
+Makes general ideas concrete.
+ἡ ἀλήθεια → the truth (often in a universal sense)
+==== Possessive Use ====
+Sometimes replaces a possessive pronoun when the owner is clear from context.
+ἡ μήτηρ → his mother (Matthew 12:46)