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isaiah_1:21

Isaiah 1:21

Hebrew
אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣הplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigהָיָה

hebrew

The word הָיָה means “to exist” or “to be” or “to become” or “to come into being” and occurs 3561 times in the Old Testament.

This is the foundational verb of existence, identity, becoming and occurrence.

* It is used in the creation narrative of Genesis 1, represented by the English words Genesis 1:3Exodus 3:12Ruth 1:1Isaiah 2:2
לְזוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְעַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים
ESV
How the faithful city has become a whore, she who was full of justice! Righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.
NIV
See how the faithful city has become a harlot! She once was full of justice; righteousness used to dwell in her- but now murderers!
NLT
See how Jerusalem, once so faithful, has become a prostitute. Once the home of justice and righteousness, she is now filled with murderers.
LXX
πῶς ἐγένετο πόρνη πόλις πιστὴ Σιων πλήρης κρίσεως ἐνplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigἐν

greek

Preposition meaning “in”.
plugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigὅς, ἥ, ὅ

greek

Meaning:

* Who * Which * What

The relative pronoun that connects a relative clause to a main clause, referring back to a noun or pronoun (called the antecedent).

It is distinct from ὅτι (“that,” introducing indirect speech) and from ὅς as an interrogative in older Greek (meaning
δικαιοσύνη ἐκοιμήθη ἐνplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigἐν

greek

Preposition meaning “in”.
αὐτῇplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigαὐτός

greek

Meaning

* He, she, it * Himself, herself, itself * Same

Personal pronoun (reflexive). Occurs more than 5,000 times in the New Testament.

Core uses Function English Equivalent Typical Translation Example (Greek) Example (English)
νῦν δὲplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigδέ

greek

δέ is a conjunction that can mean “but” or “and” or “also” or “moreover”. It is a word that is used very frequently in the New Testament, and is often unexpressed and not translated in English.
φονευταί
KJV
How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

Isaiah 1:20 ← Isaiah 1:21 → Isaiah 1:22

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