Lamentations 4:8

Hebrew
חָשַׁ֤ךְ מִשְּׁחוֹר֙ תָּֽאֳרָ֔ם לֹ֥א נִכְּר֖וּ בַּחוּצ֑וֹת צָפַ֤ד עוֹרָם֙ עַל עַצְמָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥הplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigהָיָה

hebrew

The word הָיָה means “to exist” or “to be” or “to become” or “to come into being” and occurs 3561 times in the Old Testament.

This is the foundational verb of existence, identity, becoming and occurrence.

* It is used in the creation narrative of Genesis 1, represented by the English words Genesis 1:3Exodus 3:12Ruth 1:1Isaiah 2:2
כָעֵֽץ
ESV
Now their face is blacker than soot; they are not recognized in the streets; their skin has shriveled on their bones; it has become as dry as wood.
NIV
But now they are blacker than soot; they are not recognized in the streets. Their skin has shriveled on their bones; it has become as dry as a stick.
NLT
But now their faces are blacker than soot. No one recognizes them in the streets. Their skin sticks to their bones; it is as dry and hard as wood.
LXX
ἐσκότασεν ὑπὲρ ἀσβόλην τὸplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_big

greek

The definite article
εἶδος αὐτῶνplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigαὐτός

greek

Meaning

* He, she, it * Himself, herself, itself * Same

Personal pronoun (reflexive). Occurs more than 5,000 times in the New Testament.

Core uses Function English Equivalent Typical Translation Example (Greek) Example (English)
οὐκ ἐπεγνώσθησαν ἐνplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigἐν

greek

Preposition meaning “in”.
ταῖςplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_big

greek

The definite article
ἐξόδοις ἐπάγη δέρμα αὐτῶνplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigαὐτός

greek

Meaning

* He, she, it * Himself, herself, itself * Same

Personal pronoun (reflexive). Occurs more than 5,000 times in the New Testament.

Core uses Function English Equivalent Typical Translation Example (Greek) Example (English)
ἐπὶ τὰplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_big

greek

The definite article
ὀστέα αὐτῶνplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigαὐτός

greek

Meaning

* He, she, it * Himself, herself, itself * Same

Personal pronoun (reflexive). Occurs more than 5,000 times in the New Testament.

Core uses Function English Equivalent Typical Translation Example (Greek) Example (English)
ἐξηράνθησαν ἐγενήθησαν ὥσπερ ξύλον
KJV
Their visage is blacker than a coal; they are not known in the streets: their skin cleaveth to their bones; it is withered, it is become like a stick.

Lamentations 4:7 ← Lamentations 4:8 → Lamentations 4:9

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